How Experience of Colonialism Affected Latin American Development And Essay

How Experience of Colonialism Affected Latin American Development And Post-independence - Essay Example This report stresses that Tte wars for independence led to fragmentation of the existing political order, militarization and mobilization of war resources that ultimately continued the civil wars even after independence. The independence was not immediately accompanied by economic and social growth since there were not property rights protection and enough structures that could guarantee trade flows. Haiti was one of the lucrative countries due to exports of sugar and French colonizers forced the country to pay reparations after its independence in 1804 thus shelling out more than 80 percent of the nation’s budget. This paper makes a conclusion that colonisation of Latin America led to different economic, political and social changes such as new languages, Christianity, and new cultures. The colonial period was marked by economic exploitation of raw materials and political oppression of the natives. The Haiti revolution and subsequent French revolution inspired Latin American movements for independence and led to new nations that faced numerous governance challenges due to lack of constitution and struggles for economic success by the elite natives. The post-independence period was marked by export-led economy, military coups, internal conflicts and clamor for political revolution. However, the current Latin American society has integrated in to world markets and is currently experiencing political stability due to democratic governance and social welfare policies.

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results Article

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results - Article Example It is administered by the Torridge district of the county of Devon. It has a total area of 4.24 km2 and has a resident population of 18 people located at the south of the island. The island was leased by the National Trust to the Landmark Trust. It was named as the 10th greatest natural wonder in Britain by the 2005 opinion poll of Radio Times (wikipedia, 2006). Due to the development of the aqualung, Lundy's incredibly diverse marine plants and animals were discovered. The array includes rare and unusual species such as the solitary cup corals, sea fans and sponges. An explanation offered for the diversity is the variety of underwater habitats in its seabed. The variety in shelter coupled with the also varied water current conditions present in the area gave opportunities for a wider variety of species that can inhabit the waters of the island. (Lundy Org, 2006) This discovery served as the stimulant for legislation aimed at protecting the area. It started with a 1971 proposal by the Lundy Field Society to establish a marine reserve and finalized with the 1986 announcement of the then Secretary of State for the Environment designating Lundy as a statutory reserve. Lundy is England's only statutory Marine Nature Reserve. The reserve is managed in partnership by English Nature, the Environment Agency, Devon Sea Fisheries Committee (DSFC), the National Trust and ... A warden is employed by the Landmark Trust for the oversight of the reserve. (ENO, 2004) Policies The Marine Nature Reserve employs a zoning scheme and is illustrated below (Lundy Org, 2006): Zones within the Marine Nature Reserve: The Red Area is the No-Take Zone The Yellow Area is the Refuge Zone: no fishing except potting or angling. The Green Area is the Recreational Zone: restrictions the same for the Refuge Zone (yellow) but be aware of other water users The Black Circles indicate legally Protected Wrecks : no diving or fishing without a license from English Heritage is allowed The Blue Area covers the rest of the Marine Nature Reserve and is the General Use Zone: all activities allowed except spear fishing. A prominent feature of the zoning scheme is the NO TAKE ZONE (NTZ). This zone employs the policy of prohibiting fishing and even collection of any kind of sea life in the waters east of Lundy. The implementation of this policy is ensured by the DSFC as it is incorporated in their by-law. The NTZ has coordinates north to Lat 51 12.04N, south to Lat 51 10.07N and east from Lundy's shores to Long 004 39.00W. Anchors and diver shot lines within 100m of the Knoll Pins is also prohibited in this zone. The No Take Zone was predicted to be able to enhance populations of fish and shellfish stocks within and outside the closed area by establishing a refuge for fish and shellfish stocks. Greater catches of fish for fishermen around the edges of the closed area was also seen as probable. The island's tourism industry was also seen as a direct beneficiary of the project. The reserve employs the following system (Lundy Org, 2006): Since underwater wildlife

Strictly Ballroom Essay Example for Free

Strictly Ballroom Essay The concept of belonging is explored well in the film Strictly Ballroom. Directed by Baz Luhrmann and released in 1992, this film explores the concept of belonging in relation to places, events and relationships. Throughout the film, techniques such as symbolism, lighting, costume, non-diagetic music and dialogue help to express these concepts to the audience. Firstly, Symbolism is the most common technique used throughout the film to convey belonging to the ballroom dancing world. In Scene 1 of â€Å"Strictly Ballroom†, symbolism is used to connect the protagonist, Scott to the world of ballroom dancing. The number 100 pinned to his back represents his strive for perfection and his determination to win. The gold sequinned costume also reinforces this idea, also being symbolic of the golden performance expected of him. Through symbolism, we can see that scott is trying to belong to the ballroom dancing world by conforming to their standards and expectations. Secondly, belonging to different places is delineated through the film technique of lighting. In Scene 3 when Scott is dancing by himself in front of the mirrors, natural lighting is used which conveys a sense of freedom and enjoyment felt by him as he dances his own steps. Scott feels a new found sense of belonging where he can be himself. This is contrasted to the bright, artificial lighting used in the competition where everyone must conform to standards of the Dance Federation. In the competition, Scott does not smile and he is conforming to the standards of the dance federation which do not allow new steps in the competition. Another aspect of belonging explored in the film is belonging and relationships, especially for Fran and Scott. This is expressed through the choice of costume for both protagonists. At the beginning of the film (scene 1) Fran wears oversized t-shirt and tights and oversized glasses. When we are introduced to Scott, he is wearing costumes for the dance competition but when we see him by himself or dancing with Fran, he wears simple white singlet and black pants. Also for Fran, as the film progresses, her clothes are replaced with more figure hugging leotards and leggings with skirts. By Scene 4, we see both protagonists have matching costumes (simple black and white attire) which symbolises their growing connection as a couple. The removal of her glasses in this scene completes her transformation from the ugly duckling. This technique conveys the belonging of the protagonists to each other as opposed to belonging to the dance federation and also represents their blooming relationship. Non-diegetic music is also used effectively to show their relationship. Also in Scene 4, Scott and Fran are dancing to the song Time After Time. Some of the lyrics read â€Å"If you fall I will catch you† which symbolises Scott’s increasing acceptance of Fran and vice versa and also the development of their relationship not just professionally but also suggesting it romantically. They are beginning to belong to each other. In Scene 7, Non-diegetic music is used once again and again they are dancing to the song. It’s lyrics â€Å"You won’t admit you love me..a million times ive asked you and then I ask you over and over again your only answer pehaps, perhaps, perhaps†¦if you cant make your mind up well never get started and I don’t want to wind up being parted broken hearted† are symbolic of the decision Scott needs to make both professionally and romantically in regards to his relationship with Fran. Their relationship is also emphasised through the close-up shot of them dancing and their intense eye contact. These techniques combine to delineate to us the growing sense of belonging Scott and Fran have with their relationship to each other. Lastly, towards the end of the film, a long shot has been used to show us that the protagonists, mainly Scott, have found their sense of belonging. The long shot has been used at the Pan Pacifics to view all the dance couples on the dancefloor. The long shot juxtaposes Scott and Fran’s strong, passionate dancing against the flamboyant, inexpressive dancing of all the other couples helping to reinforce how much they don’t belong to this world. Costume, once again has been used to emphasise this point as Fran is wearing a beautiful, red, simple but sophisticated flamingo dress and Scott is wearing a vibrant gold matador jacket. These vibrant colours are symbolic of their passion for dancing and each other as well as their authenticity in their dance. Their costumes look beautiful and authentic in contrast to all the other couples who are wearing frilly, brightly coloured costumes which ridiculous in comparison. Scott has finally a true sense of belonging for himself which is being true to oneself. Dialogue is used to show that in order to belong, you must conform to the standards of the Dance Federation and the authority, Barry Fife (the antagonist). In Scene 1 after Scott danced his own steps, his dance partner at the time, Liz, says to him â€Å"Im not dancing with you until you dance they way you’re supposed to.† Liz’s dialogue puts pressure on Scott to conform rejecting his desire for individuality. Les says â€Å"he resorted to his own flashy, crowd pleasing steps† showing disapproval for what happened feeling that the dance should be to please the judges and Barry Fife. When Scott asks his friend Wayne how he felt about his dance, he replies â€Å"I don’t know, you didn’t win did you?† showing that winning is everything in the dance world. Dialogue has been used to make us viewers aware that in the Ballroom Dancing world, the concept of belonging means conforming to the rules and standards set up by them. In conclusion, we can understand there are different ways to belong. Belonging to a place or an event may require you to conform to their rules and standards which can stifle individuality- this can have negative effects on people. Relationship and belonging may help you find yourself. Also finding belonging by being true to oneself is so most important.

Bicycle and Modern Industrial Methods Essay Example for Free

Bicycle and Modern Industrial Methods Essay A bicycle, often called a bike (and sometimes referred to as a pushbike, pedal bike, pedal cycle,or cycle), is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe and now number more than a billion worldwide, twice as many as automobiles. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions. They also provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adapted for use as childrens toys, general fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and bicycle racing. The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright, or safety bicycle, has changed little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885. But many details have been improved, especially since the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design. These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs for many types of cycling. The bicycles invention has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms of culture and of advancing modern industrial methods. Several components that eventually played a key role in the development of the automobile were invented for the bicycle, including ball bearings, pneumatic tires, chain-driven sprockets, and tension-spoked wheels. The dandy horse, also called Draisienne or laufmaschine, was the first human means of transport to use only two wheels in tandem and was invented by the German Baron Karl von Drais. It is regarded as the modern bicycles forerunner; Drais introduced it to the public inMannheim in summer 1817 and in Paris in 1818. Its rider sat astride a wooden frame supported by two in-line wheels and pushed the vehicle along with his/her feet while steering the front wheel. The first mechanically-propelled, two-wheeled vehicle may have been built by Kirkpatrick MacMillan, a Scottish blacksmith, in 1839, although the claim is often disputed In the early 1860s, Frenchmen Pierre Michauxand Pierre Lallement took bicycle design in a new direction by adding a mechanical crank drive with pedals on an enlarged front wheel (thevelocipede). Further innovations increased comfort and ushered in a second bicycle craze, the 1890s Golden Age of Bicycles. In 1888, Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop introduced the first practical pneumatic tire, which soon became universal. Soon after, the rear freewheel was developed, enabling the rider to coast.

The Causes of Racial Tension :: Racism

Today, there is racial tension all around the world. Racial tension means the feeling that exists when people do not trust and be aggressive to each other. In Malaysia, racial tension has deepened recently. The Indian government has released an advisory for its foreign students that studying in Australia which showed that racial tension appeared around the White and Indian (â€Å"MEA issues travel advisory to Indian students in Aus†, 2010). Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China was enhanced in July 2009. There are several factors that causes racial tension to happen such as religion topic, government policy, prejudice and discrimination. Next, racial tension is also easily caused by prejudice and discrimination. According to Jon (1997), â€Å"prejudice is a general characteristic of human relationships† (p. 232). Jon (19970 found â€Å"prejudice is usually considered the cause of discrimination†. Prejudice is easily being found in someone to the others; especially they are from different races. They may treat the other races irrespectively and violently. First, people will not take it seriously. However, when the cases happen frequently and massively, people won’t take them as specials cases. The races that besieged will tend to feel anxious and strike back in order to protect themselves. Therefore, it tends to create racial tension. For examples, incidents of violence against Indians in Australia were happened frequently in last few months. Later on, an Indian student was killed. These have damaged the relationship between the Indians and Australians and created racial tension. Besides, African- Americans were still discriminated seriously by the Americans even after American Civil War. They had perspective that the African-Americans were slaves like they used to be. They received unequal treatment until the success of African-American Civil Rights Movement. The racial tension was existed during the period. The government policy causes the racial tension as well. The governments launch policies that encourage the development of countries. But if some policies tend to benefit certain races, whether they are majority or minority, will cause the dissatisfaction of other races. In their perspective, all races should be treated equally regardless the number of members. Therefore, they may protest to show their dissatisfaction. If their protest were overwhelmed and the government led by the majority, the racial tension is ensured happen. Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China is an example. Uighur was the minority in China but the large community in Xinjiang.

Living the Aboriginal Way Essay -- indigenous, culture, education, crim

The Aboriginal people are one of few indigenous people left in our world. The Aboriginals live in Australia and have, as many indigenous people/groups, been treated badly for years. However they are being treated better now than before, but as an old group with old traditions it is hard to live in the same world as people who do not live by their culture. First in this article Aboriginal history will be compared to present time, succeeded by/before a description of two issues the indigenous people of Australia has to deal with in present time, and lastly there will be a conclusion. The Aboriginal people arrived to Australia from Asia around 50,000 years ago, however they migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago. The Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia. They were the only people living on the continent until the colonization in 1788 by the UK. The biggest consequence for this colonization is that the British brought with them diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and smallpox. In the 19th century, smallpox was the biggest cause of Aboriginal deaths. Aboriginal people speak mostly English, but they do have a variety of their own language that they speak in phrases and words to create an Aboriginal English language. Before the English settled in Australia, the Aborigines had over 250 languages, as opposed to now when they have around 15 that they speak. They traditionally believed in animist spiritual frameworks, compared to present time where only 1% still believe in animist and 73% believe in Christianity. The animist spiritual framewo rk includes belief in animals, Mother Nature and they have a deep love for nature. However we now see that the Australian indigenous culture has changed. Aboriginal cult... ...f domestic violence and community disturbance. The Indigenous people of Australia have sadly had a lot to deal with since the first European settlement in 1788, such as diseases, colonization and being removed from their families. The Aboriginal are not allowed to live as they did before, as new laws have been created for the people. The Aboriginal is forced to live as any other Australian in Australia, even though they are sometimes treated differently. Some people believe that these people have been treated badly through the years, and many agree with that. The Aboriginal was basically treated as animals for a long time. It was their country, but they were still treated, as they were the bad people. The Aboriginals now have a lot to deal with such as education and crimes, but the Australian people try their best to help these people out of all the difficulties.

The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era Essay -- Americ

The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era In 1933, President Roosevelt proposed New Deal legislation to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression through various public works programs and other federal initiatives. The many reforms of the New Deal were racked by intense criticism from their very beginnings. The New Deal was a catalyst in the surge of the federal government’s power. One year before the financial collapse on Wall Street, President Hoover said, â€Å"We in America today are nearer to the financial triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land† (Major 31). This overly confident statement was outrageously wrong. On October 24, 1929, the Wall Street stock market plummeted. As of that date, the beginning of the Great Depression has infamously become known as â€Å"Black Thursday.† The nation and its leaders were at first put off-guard by the unanticipated event of the economy crashing. However, a few leaders during Hoover’s remaining years in office did show signs that the government’s program of laissez-fair economics were out of date in resolving this catastrophe. Among the early proponents of direct welfare-relief was Wisconsin Republican Robert LaFollette Jr.. LaFollette went against the Republican political grain by proposing legislation that would help the plight of the poor by using federal relief money. Nevertheless, his plan could not be passed by the strong anti-welfare Republican majority (Landis par. 3). With the election of President Roosevelt in 1933, Americans of all social status felt a new found hope for an end to the depression. Roosevelt quickly began encouraging Congress to pass national relief bills after he was elected president. Only two months after his in... ..., and ‘Natural’ Disaster Relief: Narrating the American Welfare State.† Law and Society Review 33 (1999): 257-318. WilsonSelect Full Text Database. OCLC FirstSearch. M.M. Bennett Lib., St. Petersburg Junior College. 19 May 2000 http://firstsearch.altip.oclc.org/. Major, John The New Deal. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1967. Romanscu, Albert U., et al. The New Deal: The National Level. Ed. John Braeman, Robert H. Bremner, and David Brady. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1975. Roosevelt, Franklin D. â€Å"Letters to the Nation’s Clergy.† 24 Sept. 1935. FDR Library. Stewart, Richard B. â€Å"Evaluating the New Deal.† Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 22 (1998): 239-46. Academic Search FullTEXT Elite. EBSCOHost. M.M. Bennett Lib>, St. Petersburg Junior College. 19 May 2000 http://gw2.epnet.com/. With the Civilian Conservation Corps.† American Forests July 1933: np.

Pride and Prejudice Essay -- essays research papers fc

Throughout Jane Austen’s novels she suggests marriages that are for wealth are more common as those for love. This idea is revealed in the course of her novels by the examples of marriages she provides. One example is Willoughby and Miss Sophia Grey in Sense and Sensibility, married not because of love, but because it was the choice that promised financial security. Edward’s sister, Fanny Dashwood, opposed Lucy Steele and Edward Ferrars’ marriage because Edward came from a wealthy past, which Lucy was not familiar with. However Austen also illustrates that some marriages occur due to a deep love between two characters. Within Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice there are marriages that occur because of strong passionate love. First the most obvious marriage for love was between Jane Bennett and Charles Bingley who instantly fell for one another. Although some opposed and actively tried to keep them apart, the love they had for each other brought them together in the end. The marriage between Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy, although their connection started out in a negative light, both finally realized, in their own time how much they cared for one another thus leading to their marriage. The marriage between Lydia Bennett and George Wickham, although no love between them existed, the love that Darcy felt for Elizabeth made him pay off Wickham’s debt. In turn this forced Wickham to marry Lydia to save the Bennett family name. This novel just goes to show how love can ...

Case Study Of Westminster Company Essay

There are three alternatives which come to view for consideration by the Westminster Company in terms of logistical adjustments. The first option would be to consolidate its warehouses. The second option is to make use of public warehouses and the third option would be to have private warehouses. All the options have advantages and disadvantages which should be considered before a decision is made on the best type of warehousing that should be adopted by the company. System consolidation for the Westminster Company would result in easy gain of economies of transportation. This is because it would be easy to gather truckloads to and from the centers of distribution. This will lower both the customer freight as well as the transfer costs. The effects of warehouse consolidation have some great impacts on the costs of transportation. Firstly, it would reduce the inventory carrying costs. This will be as a result of the reduction of duplication of effort and use of better facilities. Ther e would also be an improvement on order fill rates. This will be achieved because the inventory will distributed from fewer locations of storage. Moreover, the number of freight transfers needed to meet the demands of the customer would be considerably reduced. System consolidation would therefore result in great savings in terms of costs. Another advantage of using the consolidated system is that it offers greater opportunities for large volumes of shipment using trucks. The consolidated system also makes it possible to practice mixed shipment. The large volumes of shipment would mean that there would be need for fewer shipments, each carrying a large quantity. This would improve the economies of scale. There are also some disadvantages of the consolidated system. There are some customers who feel comfortable when the stores are near them. Consolidating the warehouses would increase the distance from some customers. This may pose a challenge on the time taken to deliver the customers. The distance from the distribution centers would be longer and may result in a considerable increase in the cost of transportation. The other alternative is public warehousing. In this form of warehousing, the first advantage is that there is no need for fixed investment. The quality of performance is also considerably high. The first disadvantage of this system is that the variable costs involved are considerably high. Secondly, when handling products of high volume, one must incur high costs in terms of storage and handling. The third option is private warehousing. It is easy to work with  this type of warehousing when handling products which have uncertain nature in terms of their sales. However, this option would not be the best for Westminster products since they are health products which are in demand throughout the year. Use of third party warehousing and transfer would result into higher inventory costs. However, in case there are no fixed investments, the inventory costs would be considerably reduced. One of the advantages of third party warehousing is that since specialists are involved, the service provided is usually better at a lower cost. In terms of cost reduction, consolidated public warehousing would be the best alternative to explore. This is because the overall initial costs are considerably reduced using this option. This would be achieved since the company would not need to make any fixed investments of its own.

Teenage Drinking

Lots college students each year die in alcohol-related accidents both traffic crashes and other types of accidents. Students suffer injuries under the influence of alcohol. Not does Drinking cause accidents but also assaults and rapes. Alcohol interferes with academic performance too. About half of college students report academic consequences from their drinking, including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall. Alcohol consumption poses problems not only for the drinking students themselves but also for their friends and fellow students and for a campus in general.Many of these things happen simply because people confuse myths with facts. As college students we can come together to change these things. We can help people realize what’s true and what’s not. I can still be in control! This not true because drinking does impairs your judgment, which increases the like-hood that you will do something you'll later regret such as having unprotected sex, being involved in date rape or some sort of assault, damaging others property like their car or house; or being harmed by others. Sometimes there is no physical damage its can be verbal.When you drink you tend to move and function slower than normal and your speech is slurred. These simple things can make a big difference. I'd be better off if I learn to â€Å"hold my liquor. † If you have to drink more and more large amounts of alcohol to get a buzz or get high, you are developing a tolerance for alcohol. This increases your chances of developing several serious problems, including alcoholism. People often say that they have a high tolerance for their alcohol which is why they can hold it better. That is not true.Your body has just gotten use to the alcohol and after so long you are going to want more than just those 3 beers that normally get you drunk. Now it could increase to 6 or 7 beers. I have to drink to fit in! Your peers don't drink as much as you think they do. Some college students only drink little or no alcohol on a weekly basis. Some people often think that they have to drink to have fun as well. If you have to drink to have fun than you’re not really having fun. People who get completely wasted at party are only doing it to fit in as well. They should just be themselves.

Dissecting Beckham essays

Dissecting Beckham essays The movie we are going to dissect is Bend it Like Beckham. There are a plethora of things going in the movie, as far cultural criticism goes. In this paper I would like to talk about a few of those. Access to education, access to wealth, access to knowledge, gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. I want to begin by giving you the general outline of the movie. The movie takes place in Europe; the main characters are Jess and Jewls. Jess is a young India woman who adores the game of futbol, what we in America call soccer. The only problem with that is that her family believes in tradition and expects their children to do the same. On the other hand you have Jewls whose parents or should I say a parent who supports her very much. In this movie you have your typical older sister who is lady like, chases the boys and wants to get married. Then on the other hand you have Jess who is the tom boyish younger sister who loves to play her sport. This is where I like to touch basis on the gender and sexual orientation issues. Jess and Jewls become real good friends and along the lines somewhere, there is this misconception that they are in someway attracted to one another. But, this is hardly the case. Jewls mother is going through a lot of heartache throughout the movie because she believes that Jewls is a lesbian and that her and Jess are dating. So this is the reason why Jewls mom isnt so supportive of Jewls decision to play soccer. The situation with Jess is that her family believes that a woman should be home cooking and cleaning, and making sure that the family is taking care of. Not out playing some sport that is made for men. Theres a point in the movie where Jess and her coach becomes very fond of one another. Jess tells her friend about this and he tells her Jess you cant control who you love you know? And then makes the notion to tell h ...

A Summary of a Motherss Newborn Baby Essays

A Summary of a Motherss Newborn Baby Essays A Summary of a Motherss Newborn Baby Essay A Summary of a Motherss Newborn Baby Essay Twana PSY 210 Mrs. Stone March 7, 2013 On March 9, 2010 I gave birth to a beautiful baby girl. She weighed six pounds, eleven ounces and was 21 inches long. Her beauty took my breath away. Once the doctor spanked her bottom and I heard her cry it was like music to my ears. As they placed her in my arms all of the pain I felt from my 14 hour delivery vanished. I felt as if I had just won an Olympic race and I came in 1st place. My trophy was this beautiful bundle of joy. My husband and I decided to name her Adrianna Renee. The emotional bond or attachment that I felt for my daughter had me speechless. Then the nurse told me they had to take her briefly to do some type of test on her called Apgar score. She explained to me that the test was a standard scoring system that allows the doctor to evaluate Adrianna’s condition quickly and objectively. At first I was skeptical because my daughter looked perfect in my eyes. So the nurse takes her from me to go have the test done and while they are gone the other nurses tend to my needs. It seemed like forever but it only took 10 minutes and they were done with the Apgar score. Adrianna had done great scoring a 10 the highest an infant can get meaning she was perfect like I knew she would be. Our stay in the hospital was short and before I knew it my husband was taking us home. Once we arrived home Adrianna surprised me how well she adapted to her new surroundings. She acted as if she was home and that was where she was supposed to be. Since I was a new mother I wanted to breastfeed my baby. The nurses told me that my milk was healthier for her, so that’s what I wanted. Unfortunately Adrianna was not having my big ole floppy boob in her face and she screamed bloody murder. So my husband had to go out and purchase a breast pump. Personally I have to say that the rejection hurt my feelings at first, but I found other ways to bond with my daughter, such as skin to skin contact. She absolutely loved skin to skin contact. I guess it soothed her and she knew she was safe. Once my husband returned from Wal-Mart with the breast pump I immediately began to pump. Adrianna was hungry because she was trying to eat her little fingers and suck her thumb. The dr. told me those were survival reflexes and they had swung into action when we were at the hospital. Well Adrianna sucked that breast milk down and wanted more. I burped her after three ounces and then my husband wanted to feed her. So since she was still hungry, I let her daddy feed her another two ounces. I told my husband don’t forget to burp her, because if he didn’t he was going to wear some regurgitated breast milk. Ha I love picking with him. Since I had about 10 minutes to spare, I took this time to pump more milk and store it in the fridge and freezer. Adrianna burped again and was now sound asleep. I took advantage of this time to shower and nap with her while her father did the laundry and cooked dinner. Adrianna was a wonderful infant. She only cried when she was hungry or when her diaper needed changing, other than that she just slept. At night she would only wake once approximately about 3 a. m. for a bottle and to be changed. She would stay awake till 4 a. m. looking around and looking at me as I talked to her. Adrianna would slowly drift back to sleep in my arms, then I would lay her down in her crib. I stood over her crib and watch as she made the cutest little faces. She would smile huge smiles while sleeping. My mother always told me when a baby smiles like that in their sleep the angels are playing with them. I would silently go back to my room to get more sleep before my hubby came home from work. It seemed like once he got here he’d wake us both up. He had to have daddy time with the baby. So for the first three months of Adrianna’s life this was our routine schedule. By the time Adrianna was four months old she was more alert throughout the day and was sleeping through the night waking at 6 a. m. , just in time for her daddy to get home. She had discovered her hands and feet. She would put her foot in her mouth and drool all over the place because she was teething. She was always in a good mood smiling and making cooing sounds. Adrianna was now 14 pounds and 9 ounces. She had more than doubled her weight and her body was a ? inch longer. 5 to 8 Months During the 5 to 8 months she felt like she could do things without support. If I sat her down she would sit without falling over. When I put her on tummy for tummy time she would get up on her hands and knees and go back and forth. It was the cutest little movement I had ever seen. So by the time she was 6 months she was crawling. She would babble on and on dada dada. Her first word was dada. I really don’t understand how her first word could be dada, when I’m here with her more than dada, but oh well that’s just how it goes I guess. Everything that she picked up off of the floor went into her mouth. So one day as usual she saw something on the floor and picked it up and to her mouth it went. I stick my finger in there to fish whatever it was out and low and behold she clamped down and I felt it. There was a tooth at the bottom of her mouth. I found Adrianna’s first tooth on September 18, 2010. I was so excited. I called her father when he was at work to tell him the good news, then I called my mother. At 8 months Adrianna was pulling herself up and taking few steps holding on to the coffee table. Finally she said mama, but I don’t think that she knew what she was saying, but I was sure glad to hear it. She could also say baba and she knew what that meant because she would pick up her bottle and say baba. Another tooth had come in at the bottom and one was coming in at the top. She loved playing peek a boo with her daddy. When we played together our game was patty cake and she had good coordination because she would clap her hands and feet at the same time. We made a video for my in laws because they were in another state. They were amazed just like we were because her coordination was so great. 9 to 12 Months On December 9 Adrianna was now 9 months old and had tripled her weight since birth. She now weighed 18 ? pounds and she was 23 inches long. She would still pull herself up and walk around the coffee table holding on for dear life. When she was 10 months old she would stand alone and be very hesitant about taking her first step. When she would stand by herself she would clap her hands and I would say â€Å"Yay†! At 11 months she finally trusted herself and her surroundings and took her first steps. Unfortunately her daddy was at work so he missed this event. When he got home Adrianna walked 4 steps to him. My husband was so surprised and happy his little girl was now taking steps. On March 9, 2011 Adrianna turned a year old. My goodness it doesn’t seem like it has been a year already. It feels like yesterday I was bringing her home form the hospital. Adrianna was now walking with ease as if it came natural to her. She had a new perspective of her world. Learning how to walk had given her a new freedom. She was more active and exploring everything. Also she was feeding herself little finger foods from Gerber graduates and Cheerios. She absolutely loved drinking from her sippy cup. At first I thought she was going to reject the cup because she was so attached to her bottle, but she surprised me. She transitioned from the bottle to cup with no problems. We had her birthday party at the park in Bay Minette and the weather was wonderful. We sang Happy Birthday to her and put the cake in front so she could dig in. Oh my Lord what a mess! Adrianna got cake everywhere. She even had cake in her diaper. We let her have her way after all it was her day. I stood back taking pictures and watching her cute facial expressions. I started thinking about all of her milestones she had accomplished since birth and I just could not believe that my baby girl was 1year old already. 13 to 18 months During this time the things she already learned had improved a great deal. When she would feed herself she acted as if it was easier and she no longer had to concentrate on picking up the cheerios and putting them in her mouth. She really enjoyed being a big girl. Her vocabulary had increased tremendously. She now spoke eight to ten words and her favorite was hello. Everywhere we went she told everyone hello. She was my little social butterfly. She was not shy at all. I could tell that her personality was out going just by the way she interacted with people. I thought it was so cute watching her interact with other people. She just never met a stranger unless they were creepy looking and that scared me too. My favorite was when she would imitate me, my mother, or her daddy. I talked to my mother on a daily basis even though we live 10 minutes away from each other. Well mom and I would talk on the phone and I noticed that Adrianna would get out her play phone and talk to whomever and when I would laugh at my mom Adrianna would do the same. When she reached 18 months old she weighed 24 pounds and she could maneuver her body so she could climb out of her play pen. So I’m in the kitchen preparing dinner and I look up and I see Adrianna standing on her toy jack in the box. She then throws her leg over the rail, balancing herself perfectly. All of a sudden her little feet hit the floor and she was gone. Watching her perform that task totally blew my mind. She was right on schedule with normal toddler activity. She was stacking three blocks on top of each other and scribbling with a crayon. Instead of scribbling on paper Adrianna preferred the walls or table. I was so happy the crayons were not permanent and could be washed off with soapy water. Adrianna did not like wearing clothes, so instead of dressing herself she would undress. She loved taking her clothes off so keeping clothes on her was a chore. Every chance that I got I would video her doing her strip tease of the day. She was a normal toddler in every aspect and she was enjoying every minute of it. 19 to 24 Months I know now what my mother meant when she told me to cherish the days when Adrianna was a baby. I no longer had an infant anymore, she was my big girl. Her second birthday was approaching fast and I wanted to turn back the hands of time. Adrianna weighed 27 pounds and she carried her weight well. She was into everything so we toddler proofed the house. I always heard people talk about â€Å"The Terrible Twos† I know what they were talking about now and she wasn’t even two yet. She could jump in place with both feet and go up and down the stairs without assistance. I could not stand to watch her go up and down the stairs because it scared me so bad. All I could think about was her falling and hurting herself. I knew that I had to let her explore her physical world so she could enhance her developmental skills, but it was a very hard thing to do. She showed high interest in her surroundings. On the day of her second birthday we had her party at McDonalds with about six other toddlers her age. Oh my God talk about nerves wrecked. I think the staff at McDonalds was happy to see us leave. After that we went to the park with her playmate Chloe. Adrianna and Chloe were born 2 weeks apart so they always played together on play dates. As we played ball I noticed Adrianna could throw the ball further than Chloe, but Chloe could kick the ball really better than Adrianna. I guess all kids are different and some do things better than others. Well as time continued its rapid pace. Adrianna continued her rapid pace of exploring and learning. Now that she was two she could do a lot of tasks. So ow when I gave her crayons and paper she would scribble and be amazed at what she did. In her little mind I guess she thought it was a master piece of art. Every master piece she scribbled we would put it on the refrigerator or hang it in her room. She was much better at stacking blocks too. She could stack seven blocks without them falling over. She could even match shapes now. She could put the square block through the square hol e and vice versa with the circle and triangle. Wow she was really smart and in my eyes she was the smartest toddler ever. Adrianna’s language seemed to advance overnight. She woke up one morning and said â€Å"Mommy I want cereal† and I said â€Å"Oh you do†. She had made her first complete sentence with no babbling. She was actually making sense to me. I was one proud mama that day. Adrianna was such a joy to be around and I wanted her to be around children her age so she could learn social skills. So we decided to put her in in daycare part time. The first 2 weeks it was hard because she was not use to sharing, but she adjusted. She did surprisingly well with daycare and before I knew it she was ready to be potty trained. She came home from daycare and told me she wanted to be a big girl. So we got started using the potty and within a month she was potty trained. Yay! No more pull ups! It was just before her third birthday too. Today is March 6, 2013 and Adrianna birthday is in three days. She is so excited about her birthday because we are having a pizza party this time. My baby girl is a thriving toddler and she is healthy as a horse. I thank God for her every day, because she is truly a blessing. I look forward to the bright future she will have growing up and I pray that I live to see her all grown up and independent with a family of her own.

Marketing reasearch Essays

Marketing reasearch Essays Marketing reasearch Essay Marketing reasearch Essay Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on Ayrton Miguel G. de Leon graduated from Operation Brotherhood Montessori Center Inc. Greenhills branch (OBMCI-GH). He had no academic awards but was always active in sports; he played varsity basketball all 4 years, won a championship as a captain in his senior year. He was also active in his CAT training as a non- commissioned officer won awards in the fancy drill competition and received a medal for excellence and loyalty. He is now currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corp Communications. He Joined the San Beda Flag Football Association (SBFFA) and took the position of External Vice President on his 2nd year before the organization was no longer active. And now he is a member of the Philppine Punishers an American Football team representing the country against other countries in the Asia Pacific. Imman B. Silvera graduated from Don Bosco High School at Mandaluyong. His hobbies are playing basketball, guitar and billiards. He enrolled at San Beda College- Mendiola, Manila in 2005 taking up BS Philosophy and later shifted to BSBA Marketing And Corporate Communications . He was also a former member of the San Beda Rowing Team. His family serves as an inspiration for him to complete his studies and to pursue his dreams. Kevin A. Villanueva graduated from our lady of perpetual succor college (high school) and got 2 awards including 1st place in Filipino quiz bee and 2nd place in Science quiz bee and became a varsity in table tennis and baseball when he was in ateneo, attended ateneo de manila university when he was in primary level. Currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corporate Communications. August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. Republic Act No. 71 51, which grants franchise to Cebu Air, Inc. n August 30, 1991, Cebu Pacific was acquired wholly as a subsidiary of JG Summit Holdings, controlled by the Gokongwei Family- one of the richest Filipino-Chinese families based in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific Airlines is now headed by Lance Gokongwei, the presumptive heir of one of tne rlcnest ana one 0T tne most powerTul Duslness tycoons In tne pnlllpplnes, Jonn Gokonwei, the chairman of JG Summit Holdings. In the early years Cebu Pacific was known to be a decent airline, flying both domestic and international flights. They have flights going from Metro Manila to Metro Cebu, Metro Manila to Metro Davao, Metro Manila to Iloilo etc. Cebu Pacific also have International flights like Manila to Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan etc, all Asian countries. Cebu Pacific Air is Asias third largest low cost airline based in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the countrys leading carrier for domestic flights. Cebu Pacific Air has the most domestic destinations with the largest number of flights and routes, and equipped with the youngest fleet. Its main base is at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), Manila with other hubs at Mactan-Cebu International Airport, Francisco Bangoy International Airport, and at Diosdao Macapagal International Airport. Two (2) years into business Cebu Pacific was hit with a huge controversy when their plane crashed, it happened on February 2, 1998; Cebu Pacific flight 387 (5J387), was a domestic flight coming from Ninoy Aquino international Airport Manila, was on its way to Lumbia Airport in Cagayan de Oro City in Mindanao island. Their aircraft the 31 year old Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-32 crashed on the slopes of Mt. Sumagaya in Misamis Oriental. The crash was said to be one of the most deadly aviation accidents in Manila, Philippines killing all 104 people on board, the plane carried five (5) crew members and ninety- ine (99) mostly Filipino passengers which iincluded five (5) children and five (5) passengers from other countries from Australia, Austria, Japan, Switzerland, and Canada. There were also initial reports erroneously indicated that fifteen (15) people had survived the crash. Colonel Jacinto Ligot was the chief of the Philippine Air Force rescue team, which faced a lot of difficulties because of the deep ravines and dense vegetation on the slopes of the mountain. The pilots of the Cebu Pacific Aircraft were flying visually and not instrumentally, when their plane vanished from the radar. While the skies were clear at the airport, the mountains may have been covered by the fogs. Chief of Staff General Clemente Mariano speculated that the plane almost cleared the top of the mountain, but may have suffered a downward-draft, causing it to hit the mountain. The airplane left Manila at 0100 GMT and was scheduled to arrive at 0303 GMT in Cagayan de Oro. The plane made a stopover at Tacloban City on 0220 GMT, though sources differ about whether it was a scheduled or an unscheduled stop. The last contact was 15 minutes before the plane was due to land, with the airport tower. In that call, the pilot said he was 68 kilometers away from the airport and was starting to descend. There was no indication that the plane was in trouble. The plane crashed 45 kilometers away from the airport. This incident proved to hurt the sales on what was then a new company Cebu Pacific. Because after this incident Cebu Pacific was forced to be grounded but only after a month they continued their services after their aircrafts were re-certificated. Even when all their aircrafts were re-certified, people were still hesitant to buy trips from Cebu Pacific because of this incident. So what management and marketing had to do was find a way to bring customers back in their airplanes to prove that Cebu Pacific was once again safe. Cebu Pacific came out with its time every Juan flies what it mearns is Cebu Pacific, offers low budget flights, so that every Filipino can start going around the country or, out of the country at very affordable price compared to anyone in the market. wnat tney Tocusea on to get tnese Tllgnts so aTToraaDle, was to Tocus on getting trained pilots, crew training and expertise, fuel, aircraft maintenance, on time reliability, service, and new planes. And with that, they took out payment for newspapers, lounges, paper tickets, frequent flyer program and free meals. Cebu Pacific also partnered with SIA Engineering Company ( the number 1 aircraft maintenance provider in Asia) which guarantees expert maintenance support in all the airports Cebu Pacific flies to. On late November 2001, Cebu Pacific Air started operating international flights with a twice- daily service to Hong Kong and then March 1, 2002, Cebu Pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul which proved to be really effective because of the more affordable prices Filipinos now have a hance to go out of the country at a very affordable price. Now the question is has Cebu Pacific, come back in a way that it can now be compared to other airlines in Asia or worldwide. With the conceptual and theoretical framework provided below questions that will have to be explored are: 1 . ) How will Cebu Pacific Airline Manage to stay on the top 3 of low budget airlines? 2. ) How will Cebu Pacific maintain its world class standards with it being a budget airline? 3. ) How Ccould Cebu Pacific keep in touch with their customers? 4. ) How will Cebu Pacific guarantee the safety of their customers? Figure 1: Conceptual Framework The Conceptual framework that we used was how to get customers back after crash incident happened, what we want to do is, to get the customers back and how we can get and build their trust, so that they can come back and have customer loyalty. In the airline industry service is one of the most important assets of the company, when your service quality is positive this will result to good customer satisfaction, with good customer satisfaction there is no reason for the customer not to come back for your service. But when customer satisfaction is low, the company can receive complaints nd improve on the customer needs. Brand image is also important to the company, this is because this is how your company portrays itself to the public if you dont have good brand image customers will not go to you. This is why it is important for Cebu Pacific to rebound from their crash incident because when people heard about the incident, people thought it was not a good idea to purchase flights because it was not safe. After fulfilling the customer needs the most important thing is to maintain the customer satisfaction so that the customers will come back to you. Theoretical Framework Cebu Pacific Airlines is owned by one of the biggest companies in the Philippines which is JG Summit. What Cebu Pacific has to do is maintain world class standards in service for a low budget costs solutions are: (1) Brand new planes = efficiency, planes that are hi tech have low maintenance and more fuel efficiency. Because of this, costs are reduced and savings will be seen (2) Joint Venture = Expert Inexpensive Malntenance Avlatlon Partnersnlps wltn otner engineering companies tnat will guarantee expert maintenance support to any airport that they fly to so that Expensive Maintenance will not be made (3)lmproved Website = Ticket insurance should be faster and cheaper, open 2417 websites in English, Filipino, and other languages and Electronic ticketing (4)No Paper Tickets = no paper and printing costs use only itinerary receipts that will be part of the system no need for paper printing just bring receipt with valid ids (5)Quality and Value-oriented service no need for newspapers free meals Just what matter most service, pilots, fuel, maintenance etc. and maintain its customer service. Methodology A research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for ollecting and analysing the data. It is a strategy or blueprint that plans the action for carrying through the research project data. A research design involves a series of rational decision-making choices depending upon the various options available to the researchers. This study is descriptive in nature. It provides a description of competencies of marketing professionals in the current industry through in-depth interviews that provided first-hand information. Descriptive research provides insights into and comprehension of an issue or situation. This research design helps to determine the est research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. Types of Research Design, Correlational, Field (survey), Experimental, Qualitative, Meta- analysis. The researchers chose descriptive interview essentially in-depth interview to determine employers perspectives on how company can rebound from their bad impression. Through this method, the researchers will be able to specify each detail on how the respondent will react on the company. By using descriptive interview, it allows too study the participants in their natural setting, secondly, it maximizes the realism. The researchers chose respondents that will help in providing the information relevant for the study. The researchers will interview 15 random employers who experience to ride an airplane. Two types of interviews, unstructured and semi-structured, their usage depending on the aim of the study. Semi-structured interviews are characterized by topic guides containing major questions that are used in the same way in every interview. Semi-structured interviewing is suitable when the researcher already has some grasp of what is happening within the sample in relation to the research topic. Unstructured interviewing allows the respondent to tell their own stories in their own words, with prompting by the interviewer. Its objective is to find out what kind of things is happening rather than to determine the frequency of predetermined kinds of things that the researcher already believes can happen. Regardless 0T wnetner unstructured or seml-structurea, tne questlons posed aurlng the interview should be as open-ended as possible, in order to avoid simple answer or rehearsed aanswers. In this study, the researchers utilized a semi-structured interview. The researchers will characterized by topic guides in every interview in rder to gain standard information from respondents. It is important to build a rapport with the interviewee before starting the interview so that both sides can feel more at ease. Different ways of posing questions and using probing and prompting help to elicit more information or steer the interview. The interview involves questions that correspond to the objectives of the study. The development of the questions of the interview guide was based from the actual statement of the problem of this research paper. The process also involved examination of the theoretical framework and existing related literature to include ssential items as criteria for designing the questions in the interview guide. Prior to the interview proper, each respondent will be sent a copy of the interview guide. They will be given an ample time of ten days (10) to prepare aanswers for the actual interview. If allowed by the respondent, the researchers will video the actual interview on the actual date of appearance. Related Literature Customer loyalty to a company or to a store is very important in a business. It will increase your sales more, it will help you introduce a new product and most especially it will be your greatest adverstisment, I am talking about the word of outh. People will refer you to their friends and you will gain more customers. Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. According to the Journal marketing research 2009, Keeping your customers happy and contented will make your business good. Having such as loyalty programs would make them your loyal customers. Having loyal customers is the most important thing, however if all of your competitors including you offers, loyalty program it would be now useless. It will be Just an increase in expenses. To increase service pproduactivity, many companies utilize automation extensively to reduce the use of labor. However, greater use of automation does not always result to higher service quality, and the effectiveness of automation is providing service hinges on how advanced the technology level is Oennifer J argo Katherine white). Studies show that customers are willing to spend more with products that are high in quality and spend less with products low on quality. Even if the price is high consumers will still choose to purchase that product compared to a product that is cheap but is less n quality. When consumers are given more choices for a certain product, they will be more concerned with the price rather than the quality because price is much easier to be noticed compared to quality, like Cebu pacific giving discounts but has the quality like the other high end airlines such as pal. Having a popular brand is the most Important tnlng Tor a producer to De successTul. IT a consumer Keeps on nearlng and seeing a certain brand it is most likely that the consumer will avail of it rather than trying a brand that he is not familiar with. A lot of companies are investing illions and millions Just to maintain their brand names and make it popular so that people will invest more in their products and they will be loyal customers Oournal marketing research 2007. ) Prior research has found that under certain conditions, small packages can paradoxically increase consumption. This work suggest that people low in appearance self-esteem are particularly sensitive to external control properties and as a result, increase consumption levels when packages are small. Cebu Pacific Airlines giving affordable price by giving discount to consumers to grab heir attention to keep on moving up their sales and to get known in the industries. Self controlling usually occurs when people have long term goals. People tend to get impatient to save money to buy their long term goal eg. House, car. People tend to use their money for short term pleasures eg. Beers, gimmicks. This will result to failing their dream of buying their long term goals. Consumers with an active with an active self-regulatory goal will tend to focus on the cost of the things they are purchasing rather than pleasure, as a result they will be more successful in attaining their long term goals Oournal marketing research 2006. Companies are challenge to improve their promotion methods in order for them to make a good name and to maintain their products in the market. Retailers are afraid or in great risk whenever they face a new product because of the high ppercentage of failure. Considering the new products that were endorsed before, only a few of them survived. New products are also considered critical for the long term success of firms. They also observed that the new products have the same method of how it is being introduced to the market and most of them were not successful. This Journal also suggests that a tong relationship between the product and the retail buyers will make a new product successful. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this part of the research, results from the data collection method were then gathered and analyzed for interpretation of data. Survey question can be view at the Appendix I of this research. This part will show the results and explain in detail each and every answer to the objectives of this paper. The first objective of this research is to know what aspect of the marketing sources affects the consumers. In a marketing source, there are four categories: price, place, promotions, and service. These four are then categorized to a more specific manner to show which part of it affects the consumer the most. least rating which in return, tells that the functionality of the product has the least effect on consumer spending. Eighty-seven per cent (87%) of the respondents say that the quality has the most influence on their consumer spending behavior as you can see on Table 2. It affects them the greatest and 5% of the population say that it does not affect their spending behavior at all. Most people see quality as the basis for their spending behavior. What they see with thers have a great effect on them and they create this psychological fact that having the same would be satisfying to them. Service Rating Verbal Interpretation Service MOSTNEED Brand name 3. 0 NEED Quality 3. 92 Pricing 3. 81 Table 1. 0 These researches, the four categories of the marketing sources were analyzed. According to the Table 1 above this shows the one of the marketing source which is the Service. Under the Brand name there are four characteristic or qualities that each respondents rated according to show what they need. Service has the greatest mean rating among the four. Having the rate of 3. 92/4. 0. This shows that Quality has thea greatest influence among the respondents who participated in this research. Half of the respondents say that brand name is influential but not to the extent that it is more important than anything else. Meaning to say that the brand name of the product in important to consumers but mostly people spend by Service. (Refer to Table 2) Also, half of the respondents say that service is the most need to spend by the consumer; it is next to quality which mearns that, consumer wants is the best service that you can give to them so they will go back for some more. 45 33 31 9 Brand Name 5 18 3 47 17 5 Prlclng 12 4 Table 2. 0 Customer intend to spend money who will give them good service (Refer table 2. ). Quality is the second to the highest ppercentage that the correspondents rate that give the researcher the idea that giving service plus the quality of it will give good results on giving customer service. On the other hand, pricing is also need to consider as one of the important role of giving service but low price cost. Now we briefly answer the research objective number 5 The other objective is the pricing. The research objective is; how will Cebu pacific manage to be in the top 3 budgeted irline, the researchers conduct a survey question which will answer this objective. See survey questionnaire at the appendix l. Another segment to answer the objective is to determine the pricing. Affordability is influential to 68% of the respondents. When a product or a service is affordable, people tend to buy them. It also becomes a vital part in the consumers decision making process. People who are trying to make ends meet try to purchase products and services that are of low Price has always been a dynamic part of marketing strategy. Pricing is important to marketing since it enerates the income needed by the company in order to grow and expand. The price of the product/services sometimes becomes the value of a brand. Price Affordability 3. 12 Most Need Seasonal Pricing 3. 16 Discounts 3. 37 Suggested Retail Price 3. 22 Table 3. 0 58 10 2 6 Srp 41 16 7 Table 4. 0 Discounts influence constitutes to 58% of the respondents (refer to Table 4. 0) perception. Discounts offers consumers lower prices and thus making it easier to afford. Discounts often happen when there is surplus or when there is an event. Price discounting is a technique whereby businesses offers consumers incentive to nduce them to purchase products and services. Seasonal pricing is very influential to 47% of the respondents in this research. Businesses adjust prices and create promotional events to increase profit. Since it is seasonal, demands are higher and businesses are able to maximize their profits during these times. Christmas is the one of the most popular season in the country, many business utilize this season to earn. Suggested retail price or SRP is commonly seen in nowadays in the products advertisements. According to 44% of the respondents (refer to table 4), SRP is very influential to consumers. Suggested retail prices shows the minimum price a retailer could use to that would give them enough profit in selling the product. Sometimes, although SRPs are being advertised, retailers tend to mark up their prices. Marketing sources are influential to most of the respondents. All of its categories: place, price, promotions, and place has been influential to most of the consumers. But mostly, brand name has the most influence on consumers since it becomes the vital part on the consumers buying process. The fourth object of this research is to find the kind of reference group which mostly affects the consumers. Reference groups are what consumers use as standard of reference against oneself to be compared to. According to the data gathered in this research, friends are influential to 66% of the respondents (refer to table 5. 0) Consumers often go shopping with friends. Their friends opinions and views influence a consumer on the perception in buying. Friends help consumers to evaluate products, brand, and stores that it ennances consumers motlvatlon to purcnase a pr Friends 28 Family Acquaintance 42 8 Colleagues Table 5. 0 oauct or a servlce. has become a primary influence to consumers buying process. Colleagues are influential among the 44% of the respondents. Colleagues are the people associated with consumers. Most respondents say that colleagues are influential to them. In some time of the day, people communicate with their colleagues and they exchange ideas and opinions. One main reason why it is influential to consumers. The exchange of ideas gives them the motivation to purchase a product or service, being told by the other the experience the person had in purchasing the product. Acquaintance is influential to 45% of the respondents in this research. Reference Group Verbal Influence 3. 21 3. 23

buy custom Indian Dance Traditions Culture Review Essay Example

buy custom Indian Dance Traditions Culture Review Essay Example Indian Dance Traditions Research Introduction India has always appeared in minds of Europeans as by far the most exotic and fabulous country. Such image of a country also applies to dancing. When there is a need to depict marvellous landscapes or cheerful characters, a choreographer would usually opt for ornate Indian costumes, charismatic Hindu gods and sumptuous Indian settings. According to Hindu mythology, dance was elaborated by Brahma, the Hindu god of creation. Another famous Hindu gods: Shiva, Krishna and Kali are usually presented while dancing. Dancing is usually dedicated to Hindu gods and is a type of worship. Thus, dance is a sacred popular motif in Hindu mythology. Despite the deep interest, Europeans did not always manage to perceive and recreate the Indian dance as it really is. Indian dance tradition was rather complicated and intricate for Europeans. This literature review focuses mainly on two scholarly works that give a profound insight into the Indian dance tradition in European understanding.

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buy custom Computing Resources essay While cloud computing provides a reliable means to support remote and ensure an effective on demand access to computing resources, its impromptu management creates significant challenges to scalability, dependability, economical costs and performance of the cloud services. Hence the Service Level Agreement (SLA) and the Quality of Service (QoS) will be the distinguishing element between the cloud computing environments. Conversely, service constituents and the cloud elasticity that bring about cloud computing make the management of cloud significantly challenging. The proposed PhD project intends to investigate novel procedures for scalable and competent provisioning of the cloud, whilst assuring dependability and reducing costs. The project will therefore study a ground-breaking approach that puts together the control theory procedures with the distributed algorithms so as to generate self-elastic clouds. Control laws, novel models and distributed algorithms will consequently be pro posed for automatic provisioning, configuration and employment of cloud services so as to meet the requirements for SLA, while dealing with dynamics and scalability issues. The urgency for data storage has resulted from the need for constant memory or information. The continuous demand for data access has led to the development of numerous methods for managing and organizing it. The advancement from data processing to user utilization has led to substitutions in the way raw data is organized and searched. This explosive increase of unstructured data brings challenges in the scalability, dependability and performance of the wed services. Cloud is up-and-coming as an occurrence and it is booming at the convergence of several tendencies in the software engineering. Service based architecture, internet oriented and virtualization applications have rapidly developed in the past few years. Following this, cloud is proving to be the next major step in this field. This is because; it several tasks can be performed through a specific network services. Within this relatively short time, various web services have been on use for cloud computing. Some of these incl ude; the software as a service, platform as a service, and platform as a service among others. Nevertheless, debates have been boiling up on how the cloud can be improved so as to ensure quality and cheap services. Service Level Agreement (SLA) is one way of ensuring scalability, dependability and availability of web services to the consumers. The unspoken demand to eradicate the loss and unavailability of data has triggered the development of exceedingly avalable and reliable storage structures. In addition to this, the need for cheap web services has resulted to the development of advanced devices and systems for storage. With this in mind, there is need to innovate more reliable models and techniques that will improve the scalability and dependability of data. Research Question I: Novel models and distributed algorithms have not been efficient in the provisioning, configuration and employment of cloud services Research Question II: There have never been algorithms that are scalable for the minimization of web service cost thus data retrieval is relatively expensive. The storage and retrieval of information is a systematic procedure that encompasses the collection and cataloging of data so that it can easily be located and recovered on request. Advanced information processing techniques have made the speedy and careful retrieval of large amounts of data possible. Database schemes can store data in the form of distinct records that can be explored and retrieved based on the content of their fields. However, the volume of data has swiftly been on constant increase in the past few years. Whilst computer technology has to a greater extent encouraged the growth of information, its rapid growth has posed a challenge on the storage and retrieval. In the past, several kinds of data handling databases have been developed including the relational network models but they still have their own shortages despite the fact that they have been improved. In addition, most of the data is currently in unstructured format thus it can not be properly managed by the an cient models. Therefore there is need for invention of advanced protocols that will work towards scalable and dependable computing in the cloud for unstructured data. Qian, Tipper Krishnamurthy (1) have supported the idea that the advanced computer technology has brought about multifaceted problems that have continually posed a threat on the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data. Several researchers have described data confidentiality as the general term that has been used in the prevention of data from exposure to systems or individuals that are not permitted. Integrity on the other hand has been described as protection of data to the extent that it can not be altered without permission while the purpose of availability is to ensure that data is easily accessible when needed (2). Horton Mugge (3) have provided dependable tips that help IT scholars to deliver convenient hacking and protection architecture solutions as well as how to use effectivee and advanced security equipment. Tlhong and Reeve in (4) have described a Service Level Agreement (SLA) that is based on Service Level Agreement Language (SLAng). In their work, they have successful analyzed SLAs and provided an inspiration for automating and modeling of SLAs modeling. Research has been done on the concepts and techniques that have been on use for the retrieval of information that has been hidden in huge data storage devices. Special focus has been put on the issues concerning the convenience, achievability, efficiency and scalability of the data (5). Hill (8), goes ahead into explaining the key objectives of unstructured data protection which include; integrity, confidentiality and availability. Research has shown that machine decipherable SLAs are effective in improving the levels of computerization in the management of SLA thus reducing possible violations (4). Web services have been greatly expanding over the past years and this rate is expected to increase in the coming years and to ensure that unstructured data is safe and well secured, apposite access-control techniques need to be enforced (6). Photopoulos (7) also supports the idea that a multi-tiered move toward security of unstructured data, coupled with appropriate strategies and clear a ccess control is necessary. Like many other researchers, Qian, Tipper Krishnamurthy (1) have also acknowledged that the advanced technology has resulted to complex problems that continue to intimidate the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of unstructured information. Their work has also strived in providing an inclusive exposure of security procedures and survivability as well as determining how these two apparatus work together to construct a vigorous and reliable Information Assurance. The prominence of internet-based and rich media applications has led to the sudden increase of unstructured data that in turn require secure and more reliable storage and retrieval solutions (13). Thuraisingham (12) asserts that applications that involve video processing, rendering of animation, audio, complex websites coupled with the aptitude to easily create digital information from hand phones and other devices has greatly contributed to the burdens of storage capacities. Unlike structured data, unstructured dat a is formless and includes PDF files, slide decks, videos, web pages, images, MP4 and Mp3 files and word documents among others (12). The storage and retrieval of data, both structured and unstructured is the whole process that involves the collection and recording of data so as to make it available to the users on request (9). Buy custom Computing Resources essay

Public Policy Problems

Public Policy Problems Dye (2010 p.4) explains policy analysis as the process of getting to know the activities of governments, why they have to undertake such events, and the difference they realize from the activities. Policy analysis is primarily concerned with an explanation as opposed to the prescription of policy matters.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public Policy Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It involves a rigorous investigation into the causes of public policies and the associated consequences. Generally, policy analysis includes an effort to come up with and test propositions about events and activities that lead to public policy and the consequences thereof, to collect enough and reliable findings from a research activity of significant relevance (Dye, 2010, p.5). According to Jans (2007) public policy is concerned with the public and the problems it faces, that is, how the issues and problems are describe d and constructed, how they fit in the policy and political agenda, how options in policymaking emerge, why governments act or fail to work and the effects of the system. Through policy analysis, it becomes possible to describe, using factual information, what a given government is doing, and what it is not doing. Policy analysis also sets the platform for an inquiry into determinants and causes of particular public policy issues. From the established causes and determinants, the consequences and impacts of public policy can be inquired, including evaluation of the system in a clear and precise way (Dye, 2010, p.6). Policy analysis reveals time and context as the significant determinants of the government agenda; for instance, similar agenda items are likely to be prioritized in states whose welfare levels are identical. Moreover, issues are determined by economic cycles, for example, flexibility in labor terms and increase in efficiency alleviates public crises while the improved q uality of life and enhanced worker welfare leads to overall growth in the economy (Jans, 2007). Generally, issues that conform to the policy paradigm that is, the leading policy ideas determine the policy that is adopted by the government at a given time. Policy analysis culminates in the understanding of public policy. It is both an art and a craft. As an art, it requires creativity, imagination, and insight in identification and description of problems in the society, in coming up with public policies to alleviate the issues, and in determining whether the systems improve the state of things or not. As a craft, policy analysis requires a broad knowledge base in economics, public administration, political science, psychology, sociology, statistics, engineering, law, natural sciences, and others. Policy analysis is, in fact, an applied subfield that encompasses all the above traditional academic disciplines (Dye, 2010, p.8).Advertising Looking for research paper on governmen t? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the policymakers to perfect their craft to come up with policies that will improve the society, they need to bring together technocrats from the various fields to work together in the process of policy formulation and implementation. Policymakers from different areas will view the public problems from multiple dimensions hence solve the issues more comprehensively. Participation of technocrats from multiple areas of specialization, therefore, is an effective way of ensuring the craft of policymaking is perfected. Moreover, the policymaking process should be reviewed and scrutinized through public participation and incremental development. Policy analysis has limitations that include subjectivity in interpretation, the possibility of disagreeing over policy problems, defects in the design of human research and the fact that government power on policy is limited and human behavior is comp licated. References Dye, T.R. (2010). Understanding Public Policy (13th Ed.). Longman: Pearson Prentice Hall. Jans, M. T. (2007). A framework for public policy analysis and policy evaluation. Brussels: Vrije University

Cell Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cell Culture - Essay Example The number of giant cells should be low and fixed (MSUM, n.d.). The cell line selected for the study is rat coronary artery adventitial fibroblasts (Jenkins et al., 2007). The advantage of this selection is the fact that these cells have an important role in developing arteriosclerosis and plaque development (Jenkins et al., 2007), they divide rapidly and can differentiate into myofibroblasts (Jenkins et al., 2007) so those cells and their role in cardiovascular diseases can also be studied by the same culture instead of culturing the cells separately. Also, the culture permits the sole role of fibroblasts to be studied without the influence of other cells on them (Jenkins et al., 2007). The limitation of this cell line is that they have not been studied much before (Jenkins et al., 2007), so their response to different stimuli has not yet been fully determined (Jenkins et al., 2007); therefore, they might show unexpected behavior during

Powers of the President and Public Policies Essay

Powers of the President and Public Policies - Essay Example These powers are exercised at the federal level. The main instrument of discharging these powers is the executive order. Executive orders are issued by the President to provide rules and regulations for the federal agencies along with key matters of national interest. The President also has extensive legislative powers. Firstly, the Constitution of the United States is highly rigid and secondly, the US Congress is often subject to the rulings of the President’s own party. Actually, the general situation in the Congress is that the President’s political party holds the majority of the seats. But even if in such circumstances the President fails to exercise his influence and/or control, he/she may resort to the mechanism of Presidential veto. This veto mechanism helps the President to block Congressional Bills if he/she wishes to do so. However, the President should explain the reason behind such actions. (The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency 2009) Another major power of the President that has a nation wide influence with regard to both federal and state level affairs is the Presidents appointment powers. By the virtue of appointment powers, the President can appoint a wide range of government officials, federal courts’ judges, Supreme Court’s judgers, civil servants, chiefs of federal agencies, etc. In this way, the President can bring persons who agree with his/her policy preferences to powerful positions so that they can implement the President’s public policies in a more effective way. (Walker 2012) An important pejorative power of the President is his/her constitutional ability to convene a special session of Congress. These sessions are meant to debate and decide on major national and/or international issues of contention. This power of the President can be thought of as a power that lies in the borderline of both

The Madoff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Madoff - Essay Example the Madoff In some cases the companies around the world, collaborate and act in regards to each other so as to form a collusive or cartel kind of a behaviour and activity. This creates the scenario where the companies purposely cheat the common people or players in the market in regards to their money or other basic rights. In this case, the focus is on the securities fraud created by Bernard Madoff. Discussing about the origin of the fraud, it needs to be stated that the securities firm was started by Bernard Madoff in the year 1960 under the name of Bernard L Madoff Investment Securities LLC. The company was based in New York and was under the sole ownership of Bernard Madoff. Bernard Madoff also headed an investment advisory business which focused on taking billions of dollars from multiple wealthy individuals, institutional investors and middle class people. The middle class people were made to invest through feeder funds which belonged to that of Tremont Capital Management and Fairfield Gr eenwich Advisors. The performance record of Madoff was pretty impressive as well. Over a long period of around 15 years, he incurred a loss of around 13 months only. To keep a growth record which is clear of any suspicions from the investors, the owner of the investing firm Bernard Madoff kept showing annual gains of around 10 percent on an annual basis. It is important to note that under the facade of sterling performance of the companies owned by Madoff, the greatest Ponzi scheme that might have existed in the financial sector of the world till date was pulled off. The reality behind the sterling performance of the companies owned by Madoff is that a Ponzi scheme was being executed where Madoff focused on using the money provided by new investors to repay the obligations of the previous ones. All the highly profitable facts, figures and reports that were displayed by the companies held by Madoff were completely fake in nature. Reports from various reliable sources highlight that on the December of 2008, Bernard Madoff had a meeting with his sons, where he disclosed that the entire business is complete fake and the fact that he owes around 7 billion USD to multiple clients. In that meeting he also wanted to distribute the Christmas bonus of the employees earlier than usual. After the meeting, the Madoff Juniors consulted with their individual and private attorney who placed the call to officials of the federal government on the evening of December 10. On 11 December, 2008 Bernard Madoff was finally arrested for the execution of a 65 billion USD Ponzi scheme. As of March 2009, Bernard Madoff was pleaded guilty in connection to around 11 acts of felony, which included the fraud of securities. After the weeks, following the arrest of Madoff, investors who lost out on large sums of money filed a number of class action lawsuits under the Southern District of New York (Benson, 3). 2. Explanation of the Madoff Fraud While explaining the Madoff Fraud for this particular assignment, it needs to be stated the entire explanation can be done in regards to the five tragic truisms that are very essential to be discussed and properly related in the assignment. First Tragic Truism The first tragic truism belongs to the category of people. The truism that has been discussed here states that a majority of

Current Economic Climate in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Current Economic Climate in Britain - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the economic climate in Britain affects businesses differently. Even with the realized economic progress, competition has heightened across all industries. Free market practices have become predominant, forcing businesses to engage in intense competition in order to secure significant market shares. Most importantly, Britain is not immune to the euro crisis as well as global financial and economic hardships. For this reason, risks might seem to outweigh benefits in starting up a new business. However, this might not be the case. The economic climate, whether it progresses, stagnates, or deteriorates, does not directly translate into business failure if risks are involved. The business environment can hardly be immune to risks and economic hardships. Business diversity in the economic context has to cope with many eventualities, which if not managed can be catastrophic to many businesses. Even in the best of economies in the world, risks cannot be ignored. Rather, the presence of risks is acknowledged and the necessary course of action taken to manage the risks. Business competition in Britain’s economy has been observed to intensify over time. Following this trend, the most influential risks for businesses are operational, financial, or economic in nature. The benefits realized by any given business in the economy depend on the opportunity identified, strategies taken to exploit the opportunity, decision making, and management practices employed. These aspects are essential in countering business start-up risks that could negatively affect the performance of the business.

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Personal statement - Essay Example Also, some employers want workers who they can indoctrinate in their ways (Niles & Bowlsbey, 2013). The success of in-house training depends on employees’ self-awareness. A know-it-all attitude reveals a lack of self-awareness. Self-awareness reflects humility and character, two attributes valued by employers. I have learned my understanding of my strengths, weaknesses, core attributes, and motivation is not as deep as it should be. I need to develop a comprehensive awareness of my attributes so that I can create a sound blueprint to guide my personal and professional growth. I have also learned that I need to improve my presentation skills so that I can communicate clearly and concisely. For example, I noticed from the feedback that some of my points were not well-articulated despite covering them in detail. Some points were overemphasised, and this led to vagueness in some sections. The feedback has shown me I need to convince my audience in the shortest time possible but still maintain relevance. I could have provided better evidence by reflecting on my experiences. I could also have provided better evidence by employing the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) technique of communication. All examples, arguments, and supporting statements should have been constructed to relate to the wider context of my paper. The paper should have had a flow to it so that the content in the first section complement the other parts of the paper and give it a solid core that any audience can quickly identify with. Finally, I should have provided included statements and phrases that keep readers engaged as they study the paper. Firstly, I plan to interact with as many practitioners as possible so that I can build a professional network of contacts that I can refer to when looking for employment. Networking has been proven to be a highly effective method of improving employability.

Trespass On The Person; Battery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trespass On The Person; Battery - Essay Example In the case of Wilkinson v Downtan [1897] 2 QB 57Â  emotional anguish was held to be battery, irrespective of the fact that there was no physical contact with the claimant. The defendant told the claimant as a form of bad joke that her husband had been seriously injured. The claimant suffered emotional distress and had to be taken to the hospital due to the shock suffered. The person being battered may not necessary be aware of the act or the harmful nature of the action being carried out against his/her person and causation may be direct or indirect. It is further not necessary to prove damage in order to get an award. The degree of offensive or harmful standard is measured against what a reasonable man in the omnibus would deem offensive or harmful, when he analyses the contact objectively. Further battery does not have to entail physical to physical contact, this is because, touching an object that is construed to be intimately connected to another person with the owners consent is also deemed to be battery. Further, there may be a disconnect of events between the defendants actions and the plaintiff damage; and still the court will construe battery to have occurred. If for example person A sets a trap for person B in the form of a mouse trap, battery occurs when person B is actually caught in the trap. As stated earlier it not material that the victim is aware that the tort is being carried out. A good example is when a doctor is performing a caesarian section and in the process decides to and the doctor for his own personal reasons decides to take uterus, then battery has occurred. Further battery occurs when the doctor allows the his visiting housewife to help with the operation, this is because the consent to the procedure only entails persons to who the patient agreed to and not persons she could not have anticipated take part in the process. Intent is another principle relevant to the tort of trespass to the person. It means that the person carrying o ut the tortuous act desires the consequences of his action. The American law institute further echoes this definition by construing intent to mean the consequences of the act rather than the act itself. There are various types of intents depending on the nature of one’s action consequences. Specific intent refers to a situation where A intended the actions arising from his conduct. A good example is when A, loads a gun, aims and fires at B. The subjective state that person A intended the consequence of his actions. General intent on the other hand refers to a situation where the consequences are far more reaching than the original though the actor was certain, or substantially certain of a degree of consequence. Then in such a case the law will conclude that he intended the magnitude of the consequences of his action. However, if the probability of a consequence occurring are minimal, then he the law will construe that it was mere negligence. Transferred intent occurs in a si tuation where a person A intends to assault person B but in the process, batters person C. There law will transfer intentions of A as to intending to also batter C. This was established in the case of Livingston v Ministry of defenc [1984] NILR 356 , A intended to hit B with a Baton, he accidentally missed and hit C instead. It was held that A battered C. The doctrine of transfer intent occurs in the cases of assault and battery, where an intended assault becomes a battery after the

Clothing business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Clothing business - Essay Example The project also considers the stakeholders who serve the purpose of decision making processes. The difference between the anticipated and achieved growth for the company will not be excluded. The point of view of the customers and some of the managerial limitations will cover the topic of discussions. There will also be some recommendations in order to improve the performance of the company in the years to come. Introduction The organization selected for the project is J.C. Penny Company Inc. It is a chain of the mid range department stores in America. It is based in Texas. The company also operates in many small markets of the nation as catalog sales merchant. The company operates in all the states of the United States. The stores of the company are mainly located in the suburban shopping malls. When the trend of shopping malls came up in the 20th century, the company took the initiative to reallocate the stores there so that it could catch the eye of more people than in the suburb an areas. Currently, the company has opened some new sole stores; some of them are close to the competitors’ stores. Some of the newly developed stores can be regarded as the big-box stores. The company has streamlined the catalog as well as the distribution operations and is undergoing renovations at the store levels. The company also entered the playing field of internet marketing in the year 1998. Apart from the sale of usual merchandise, the stores of the company also offer several other departments like restaurants, studios and jeweler shops. The company was founded in the year 1913. In 1914, the headquarters of the company was shifted to New York City with the belief that it would simplify the transportation and usual operations of the organization. The first subsidiary of the company was named The Crescent Company. By 1928, the company was able to open its 1000th store. This signifies the potential of the company and how efficiently the company was being operated. In 2 007, the company launched its largest private brand in the history of the company. New additions were made in 2009 in the young men’s department which included the expansion of the private brand named Decree. The year also marked an agreement with a private coffee store which allowed them to open up cafes inside the stores. Goals of the company The sustainability report of the year 2009, announced some of the internal goals of the company which were directed towards reduction of facility energy consumption by around 20 percent per gross square foot. The efforts will be met by 2015 through the improvements in energy efficiency. The culture of the company is to advocate conservation practices. In the last decade, the company invested more than 130 million dollars with the aim to install advanced technology in metering and technologies towards high efficient heating. This type of initiatives from the part of the company resulted in saving of more than 80 million pounds of greenh ouse gases. The company also plans to obtain around 25% of their energy need from renewable sources. Measures relating to energy management as well as efficient strategies have been undertaken. Among the other goals of the company includes providing services to the customers at possible lowest cost, enhance the consumer satisfaction and build a healthy

Reaction paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction paper 2 - Essay Example In the letter, King attempts to convince the ministers of the rationality of his actions and points out why they are necessary if natural ‘human goodness’ and morality were to be given a chance. Arguing that everyone, white and black, possessed natural ‘human goodness’, King points out that most white people, particularly in the north, had not heard or were perhaps not noticed the desperate condition of the black people of the South following the Emancipation Proclamation. Although they were free, they had to try to support themselves in a world that legally segregated them from the means of doing this. Only by forcing attention on the issues, through non-violent protest, would the black people be able to gain the attention of the white people and still illustrate that there was no justification for this oppression. Only by appealing to white people, who held all the power, could change be forced through the political process. Adhering to St. Augustine’s contention that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all†, King insisted that non-violent protests such as those he was organizing were not breaking the law but were instead adhering to a higher moral and ethical law. The segregation laws were directly counter to the Supreme Court ruling regarding equality to people of color because they were applied only to black people. He argued that to break an unjust and immoral law is thus acting in a moral and just manner for the good of the community, especially if this can be completed in a peaceful, kindly manner. This, he argued, was a necessary action because the tension in the black community was continuing to build and would soon rage out of control into violent action. Peaceful protest provided both the necessary outlet for these emotions as well as brought positive attention to the plight of his community. At the end of his letter, King criticizes the church leaders